Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. It was actually invented by Joseph Swan but they conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.
The reason for inventing the light bulb is because there was no light before only from candles, torches and alcohol lamps.

used in public demonstration at
Menlo Park, December 1879.
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